Bed Bug

Natural Habitat

Bed bugs are synanthropic, meaning they live in close association with humans. They are commonly found in dwellings such as homes, apartments, hotels, dormitories, and shelters. Within these environments, they prefer to hide in areas close to their hosts, including mattresses, bed frames, box springs, headboards, nightstands, behind wallpaper, in cracks in walls, and behind electrical outlets. They are adept at hitchhiking in luggage, clothing, and furniture, contributing to their widespread distribution.

Diet & Feeding

Bed bugs are obligate hematophagous insects, meaning they feed exclusively on the blood of warm-blooded animals, primarily humans. They pierce the skin with their elongated mouthparts (proboscis) and feed for 3-10 minutes until engorged. Bites are often painless at the time, but develop into itchy welts.

Behavior Patterns

Bed bugs are nocturnal and feed primarily at night while their hosts are asleep. They are attracted to warmth, carbon dioxide, and certain chemicals. They hide in cracks and crevices during the day, such as mattress seams, bed frames, headboards, and walls. Females lay 1-12 eggs per day, typically 200-500 in a lifetime. Nymphs hatch in 6-17 days and mature in about 21 days after 5 molts, each requiring a blood meal. They can live for 6-12 months, and adults can survive for several months without a blood meal.

Risks & Benefits

Potential Risks: Their bites can cause itchy welts, skin irritation, and secondary skin infections from scratching. In some individuals, bites can lead to allergic reactions. While they are not known to transmit diseases to humans, their presence can cause significant psychological distress, including anxiety, insomnia, and paranoia. Infestations can be difficult and costly to eradicate. Potential Benefits: Bed bugs offer no known direct benefits to humans or the ecosystem.

Identified on: 8/21/2025