Fungus Gnat Larva

Damp soil high in organic matter, greenhouses, houseplants, and moist environments with decaying plant material or fungi.

Mostly feeds on fungi, algae, and organic mulch, but can feed on delicate plant roots or root hairs, especially in large numbers.

Larvae are semi-transparent with a distinct black head capsule; they prefer moist conditions and go through four larval stages (instars) before pupating in the soil.

Benefits include aiding in the decomposition of organic matter; risks include damaging plant root systems and acting as a vector for plant pathogens like Pythium or Fusarium.