Crane Fly Larva (Leatherjacket)

Moist soils, decaying organic matter, leaf litter, and occasionally aquatic or semi-aquatic environments.

Mostly decaying vegetation, plant roots, and organic debris; some species are predatory or eat algae.

They are typically active at night or in damp conditions, burrowing through the soil or substrate. They undergo a complete metamorphosis with four larval stages before pupating into adult crane flies.

Benefits include aerating the soil and breaking down organic matter; however, large populations can become pests by damaging lawn roots and crops. They are also a vital food source for birds and other wildlife.