Birch sawfly larva

Deciduous woodlands, gardens, and areas with birch trees across Europe and Northern Asia.

The larvae feed specifically on the leaves of birch trees (Betula), while adults feed on tree sap.

The larvae are solitary feeders that often rest in a characteristic coiled position on the underside of leaves. They undergo complete metamorphosis, pupating in a tough, papery cocoon in the soil or leaf litter.

They are not harmful to humans; they cannot sting. While they are foliage pests that can cause minor defoliation, they are rarely numerous enough to kill healthy trees and serve as a food source for birds and small mammals.