Fungus Gnat
Bradysia spp. (for dark-winged fungus gnats, a common genus) or various genera within Mycetophilidae.
- Order & Family
- Order: Diptera, Family: Sciaridae (Dark-winged fungus gnats) or Mycetophilidae (Fungus gnats)
- Size
- 2-8 mm (adults)
Natural Habitat
Moist environments, particularly where there are potted plants, overwatered gardens, greenhouses, or other sources of damp soil and decaying organic matter.
Diet & Feeding
Adult fungus gnats typically do not feed or feed on liquids. The larvae feed on fungi, decaying organic matter, and plant roots, especially in moist soil.
Behavior Patterns
Fungus gnats are attracted to light and are often seen flying in erratic patterns, particularly around potted plants or damp areas. They have a short lifespan as adults (about 7-10 days), but females can lay up to 200 eggs in moist soil. The larval stage is responsible for most plant damage. Their presence often indicates overwatering of plants.
Risks & Benefits
Risks: Fungus gnat larvae can damage plant roots, leading to wilting, yellowing leaves, and stunted growth, especially in seedlings and young plants. While generally harmless to humans, large infestations can be a nuisance. Benefits: They play a role in decomposition by feeding on fungi and decaying matter, contributing to nutrient cycling in ecosystems.