Flea

Found globally indoors and outdoors, typically living on hosts such as pets (dogs/cats), wild mammals, or within nesting materials, carpets, and upholstery.

Obligate hematophages (blood-feeders). Adults feed on the blood of mammals and birds; larvae feed on organic debris and adult flea feces (flea dirt).

Flightless but capable of jumping long distances. They undergo complete metamorphosis. Adults spend most of their time on a host, while eggs and larvae develop in the environment.

Risks include painful, itchy bites, allergic dermatitis, and transmission of pathogens like tapeworms, typhus, and bubonic plague. They provide no significant benefits to humans or the ecosystem.