White-marked tussock moth caterpillar

Woodlands, forest edges, parks, gardens, and urban landscapes across much of eastern and central North America. Larvae occur on deciduous trees, shrubs, and occasionally conifers.

Caterpillars chew leaves from many trees and shrubs, including oak, maple, willow, birch, and fruit trees. Adults do not feed and live mainly to reproduce.

The hairy larvae are active mainly from late spring through summer and pupate in fuzzy silk cocoons. Mature males fly; wingless females remain near the cocoon and release pheromones to attract mates.

Barbed hairs can cause itchy dermatitis, eye irritation, or respiratory discomfort, so avoid handling. The caterpillars support birds and other predators, though outbreaks may noticeably defoliate ornamental or forest trees.